The utility model discloses a film picking and detaching device of a mulching film uncovering machine. A film picking tooth (1) is arranged on a film picking roll shaft (8) and rotates along with the film picking roll shaft (8). A film detaching sleeve (2) is sleeved on the film picking tooth (1). A film removing plate (6) is fixedly arranged on one side of the film picking roll shaft (8) and is provided with a film removing slide way (10) matched with the film detaching sleeve (2). The film picking tooth (1) rotates around the axis of the film picking roll shaft (8), picks mulching film, and drives the film detaching sleeve (3) to rotate to enter the film removing slide way (10); the film detaching sleeve (2) detaches the mulching film hung on the film picking tooth; and the film detaching sleeve (2) restores through an extension spring (4) and continues to enter next film picking stage of next round. The film picking and detaching device of the mulching film uncovering machine has the advantages of being simple in structure, good in film removing effect, not prone to winding, and the like, and can be widely used in agricultural production.