The utility model discloses a double-environment testing apparatus under a fast-acceleration centrifugal field. The double-environment testing apparatus comprises a base, a drive system, a main rotation system and a spin system. The drive system includes a servo motor and a decelerator. The drive system is connected with the main rotation system. The main rotation system includes a rotation support member, a first coupling, a main current-collecting ring, a counterweight block and the spin system, wherein an output shaft of the decelerator is connected with the rotation support member; the rotation support member is provided with a spin motor support; the spin motor support is disposed on an axis of rotation of the rotation support member; and the counterweight block is disposed on one side of the rotation support member to balance unbalanced forces on two sides of the axis of rotation of the rotation support member. The double-environment testing apparatus under a fast-acceleration centrifugal field can simulate fast acceleration and at the same time has double-environment test conditions, and is characterized by small moment of structural rotational inertia and convenient installation, maintenance and use.