The utility model discloses a vehicle data recording system which comprises at least one vehicle controller and a vehicle data recorder, wherein the at least one vehicle controller is connected with a vehicle-mounted diagnosis interface; a vehicle data recorder is connected with the at least one vehicle controller through the vehicle-mounted diagnosis interface, and comprises a storage device, a data collection device and a file management chip; the data collection device collects vehicle data from the at least one vehicle controller; and the file management chip is connected with the data collection device and the storage device respectively and stores the vehicle data to the storage device. According to the vehicle data recording system of the embodiment of the utility model, the work efficiency can be improved, manpower resource is saved, meanwhile, requirements for specialized knowledge and experience of an operator are reduced, and convenience is provided for a user. The utility model further discloses a vehicle recorder and a vehicle.