The utility model discloses a rapidly embedded chest closed-type drainage apparatus, which comprises a guide puncture device and a chest drainage tube, wherein the guide puncture device comprises a sleeve inner core and a puncture device sleeve; the sleeve inner core comprises a first pipeline and a first stopper; one end of the first pipeline is a conical structure and the other end thereof is connected to the first stopper; puncture device sleeve comprises a second pipeline and a second stopper matched with the first stopper; an entrance of the second pipeline is provided with a movable flap; the entrance of the second pipeline is penetrated through the second stopper; the chest drainage tube comprises a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline; a plurality of through holes are opened at a side face at an entrance of the third pipeline; a tube outside air bag with a circular structure is fixed at a side face of the third pipeline; an entrance of the fourth pipeline is communicated with the tube outside air bag; a tube inside air bag is set inside the third pipeline; and an entrance of the fifth pipeline is communicated with the tube inside air bag. According to the utility model, the drainage of air and liquid in the chest can be realized; and air leakage and liquid leakage do not easily occur.