The utility model relates to a temporary air duct structure meeting the requirement of a large-diameter shield for firstly passing through a subway station. The temporary air duct structure comprises a vertical shaft, a guide hole, a drilling cast-in-place pile, a pile top beam, an air duct, a shield well and air duct fender posts, wherein the guide hole is horizontally formed and communicated with the vertical shaft, the drilling cast-in-place pile is arranged at the bottom of the guide hole, the pile top beam is formed on the top of the drilling cast-in-place pile through pouring, the shield well is arranged in the air duct and located below the pile top beam, and the air duct fender posts are located on the two sides of the air duct. By means of the temporary air duct structure, the conflict of the subway running tunnel construction plan and the station construction plan can be well eliminated, the shield can directly pass through the station air duct, it can be ensured that the subway running tunnel construction plan and the station construction plan are completely independent, the whole project planned management regards running tunnels as a main line, and the tunnel through target can be achieved as early as possible.