The utility model provides an environment monitoring robot and an automatic inspection method thereof. Robot and client communication connection, the trolley comprises a trolley body (3), wherein thefront-end driving mechanism (1) and the rear-end driving mechanism (2) are used for driving the vehicle body; wherein the anti-collision module (5), the thermal detector module (9), the high-definition video monitoring and lighting module (6), the environment index monitoring module (10), the front visual navigation module (7) and the rear visual navigation module (8) are arranged on the vehicle body, and the central processing module and the solid-state battery are arranged in the vehicle body. According to the robot and the inspection method, regional inspection can be more convenient, faster and more comprehensive, real-time monitoring can be achieved, the security and protection guarantee degree of the severe environment is improved, and the robot and the inspection method are suitablefor inspection of factories, industrial areas, specific region inspection, instrument point inspection, special equipment point inspection, dangerous equipment inspection such as cable temperature, transformer temperature and electrical opening temperature.