Provided are a dispersion composition which has a high refractive index and is has excellent surface conditions of a film surface after coating, a curable composition using the same, a transparent film, a microlens, and a solid-state imaging device. A dispersion composition containing metal oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm (A), a polymer compound having an acid value of less than 120 mgKOH/g, which is represented by the following Formula (1) (B), and a solvent (C). In Formula (1), R 1 represents a (m+n)-valent linking group, and R 2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. A 1 represents a monovalent substituent having at least one group selected from the group consisting of an acid group, a urea group, a urethane group, a group having a coordinating oxygen atom, a group having a basic nitrogen atom, a phenol group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a group having an alkyleneoxy chain, an imide group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkyl amino carbonyl group, a carboxylate group, a sulfonamide group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a hydroxyl group. n A 1 's and n R 2 's may be the same or different. m represents a positive number of 8 or less, n represents 1 to 9, and m+n satisfies 3 to 10. P 1 represents a polymer chain. m P 1 's may be the same or different.