The invention provides a distributed power generation and power supply system for a traction network, and a control method, and relates to the technical field of electrified railway traction power supply. A traction side of an co-phase traction substation is connected with a traction bus; the traction bus is connected with a traction network by means of a feeder line; a power generation apparatus of a railway arranged in a corridor along a railway line accesses, in a distributed manner, a traction power supply system by means of a switching station along the railway line; a central coordinated controller of the co-phase traction substation controls an operating mode of the power generation apparatus, and executes power generation and reactive allocation control. The distributed-type access to a traction power supply system is beneficial to supporting the system network voltage and prolonging the power supply distance, realizing distributed-type access and nearby consuming of new energy, promoting green development of a railway system, and avoiding related electric energy quality problems. The invention is mainly used for management of connecting distributed-type power generation and power supply systems to the traction network.