Pass-through interconnect structures for microelectronic dies and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a microelectronic die assembly includes a support substrate, a first microelectronic die positioned at least partially over the support substrate, and a second microelectronic die positioned at least partially over the first die. The first die includes a semiconductor substrate, a conductive trace extending over a portion of the semiconductor substrate, a substrate pad between the trace and the portion of the semiconductor substrate, and a through-silicon via (TSV) extending through the trace, the substrate pad, and the portion of the semiconductor substrate. The second die is electrically coupled to the support substrate via a conductive path that includes the TSV.