To allow hydrogen to be supplied to a dehydrogenation reaction unit for dehydrogenating an organic hydride by using a highly simple structure so that the activity of the dehydrogenation catalyst of the dehydrogenation reaction unit is prevented from being rapidly reduced. The hydrogen production system (1) comprises a first dehydrogenation reaction unit (3) for producing hydrogen by a dehydrogenation reaction of an organic hydride in presence of a first catalyst, and a second dehydrogenation reaction unit (4) for receiving a product of the first dehydrogenation reaction unit, and producing hydrogen by a dehydrogenation reaction of the organic hydride remaining in the product in presence of a second catalyst, wherein an amount of the first catalyst used in the first dehydrogenation reaction unit is equal to or less than an amount of the second catalyst used in the second dehydrogenation reaction unit, and an amount of hydrogen produced in the first dehydrogenation reaction unit is less than an amount of hydrogen produced in the second dehydrogenation reaction unit.