A microscope device 100 includes: a sample container holder 7 that is capable of housing a plurality of sample containers 9 and that is supported so as to be attachable, each of the sample containers 9 housing a sample S and a first immersion medium and including a transparent section that transmits light; an illumination optical system 1 that emits illumination light to the sample S via the transparent section; a detection optical system 2 that detects light from the sample S via the transparent section; and a movement mechanism 16 that relatively moves the sample container holder 7, the detection optical system 2, and the illumination optical system 1 in a gravity direction. The sample container holder 7 houses the plurality of sample containers S in the gravity direction.