An electrode is provided, which includes a sulfur- and carbon-containing layer having a carbon material, a sulfur material, and a binder. A sulfur content at a core part of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer is gradually reduced to a sulfur content at two side surfaces of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer. The electrode may serve as a positive electrode of a battery. The battery also includes a negative electrode, and an electrolyte liquid between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.