Embodiments of the present invention provide a data read/write method and apparatus, a storage device, and a computer system, so as to reduce completion time of a data read/write operation in a multi-core computer system. The method includes: determining, by a host device, N cores used for executing a target process, where the N cores are in a one-to-one correspondence with N execution threads included in the target process; grouping the N execution threads to determine M execution thread groups, and allocating an indication identifier to each execution thread group; and sending M data read/write instructions to a storage device, where each data read/write instruction includes an indication identifier of a corresponding execution thread group.