Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device and a method for controlling a plurality of antennas in an electronic device. The electronic device may include: a plurality of antennas; a communication circuit configured to be connected with the plurality of antennas; and at least one processor, wherein the processor may be configured to: transmit a signal to an external device through one antenna among the plurality of antennas; detect a difference in reception performance between the antenna and each of at least one remaining antenna in response to occurrence of an event; and set one among the plurality of antennas as a transmitting antenna for the electronic device based on a threshold corresponding to an antenna characteristic of each of the at least one remaining antenna and the difference in reception performance. Other embodiments are possible.