To properly manage data collected by a data collection device even when the data collection device is attached to an agricultural machine different from a specified agricultural machine.A data collection device (5) mounted on an agricultural machine (4) having unique agricultural machine identification information (61a), the data collection device (5) being capable of collecting data relating to the agricultural machine (4), includes: an identification information retaining part (51) configured to retain second identification information used for identifying the agricultural machine (4); a check part (55a) configured to check the agricultural machine identification information (61a) with the second identification information retained in the identification information retention part (51), the agricultural machine identification information (61a) being retained in the agricultural machine (4); and a data collection processing part (56a) configured to carry out, based on a check result by the check part (55a), a process relating to collection of the data.