An aqueous liquid composition contains a water-based medium containing water, a polymer having at least one type of groups selected from hydroxyl groups and amino groups, and phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid. The aqueous liquid composition contains low-cost materials having low environmental load, can retain adequate viscosity even when stored over a long term, and can form a functional coating film having excellent adhesiveness to a base material and superb durability, solvent resistance and waterproofness and capable of exhibiting various functions led by electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity.