Electrochemical device (e.g., a capacitive device, a battery, or hybrid device) comprising a configuration of layers comprising at least one combination, wherein each combination comprises a porous particulate separator layer disposed between a first porous electrode layer and a second porous electrode layer, and optionally at least one particulate current collector layer, and a liquid electrolyte, wherein all the combinations, optional particulate current collector layers, and liquid electrolyte are encased in a package, and wherein essentially all the liquid electrolyte is confined within the configuration of layers. Capacitive electrochemical device comprising a first combination comprising a porous particulate separator layer disposed between a first porous electrode layer and a second porous electrode layer, optionally at least one particulate current collector layer, and a liquid electrolyte.