A device for removing a valve hole sealing substitute from a hub includes an industrial camera, a removal manipulator, a rotary encoder, a rotary spindle, a processor, a frame and a console, wherein the console is installed on the frame, the console is connected to a production line by a roller bed, a color identification camera and the industrial camera are respectively installed on the frame and aligned with the console, the rotary spindle is installed below the console and configured to drive the hub above the console to rotate, and the removal manipulator is arranged above the console. The device and method solve the problem of relying on personnel to remove the valve hole sealing substitute, improve the labor productivity, and improve the automation of the hub production process.