A method for sending a wake-up frame includes generating, by a sending device, a plurality of short wake-up frames, where each of the plurality of short wake-up frames includes an index and an address segment. The index is used to indicate a number of the address segment, the plurality of short wake-up frames include at least N short wake-up frames whose indexes are different from each other, N is a positive integer, and N≥2. The method further includes sending, by the wake-up device, the plurality of short wake-up frames so that a receiving device can determine, based on N address segments carried in any N short wake-up frames whose indexes are different from each other in the plurality of short wake-up frames, whether the receiving device is a target wake-up device of the sending device.