A method for a terminal transmitting an uplink signal in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, information indicating a contention-based transmission scheme or a contention free-based transmission scheme; and transmitting uplink data according to the transmission scheme indicated by the information received, wherein when the indicated transmission scheme is the contention-based transmission scheme, the terminal transmits, in addition to the uplink data, information for identifying the terminal, wherein the terminal may prioritize transmission success of the information for identifying the terminal that is additionally transmitted over transmission success of the uplink data transmission.