A lane scheduling method includes: receiving, by a management device, a road resource allocation request sent by a vehicle, where the road resource allocation request includes at least one road segment identifier, the road segment identifier is used to identify a logical road segment expected to be used by the vehicle, the logical road segment is a logical segment of a road on which the vehicle moves, and the logical segmentation segments a lane included in the road into logical lanes; allocating a road resource to the vehicle based on the road resource allocation request, where the road resource includes at least one logical lane corresponding to the at least one road segment identifier; and sending a lane identifier of the at least one logical lane to the vehicle.