Embodiments of this application provide a data processing method, a base station, and a terminal. A base station receive first data from a first terminal on a first resource, and receive second data from the first terminal and third data from a second terminal on a second resource, where a modulation order of the second data is lower than a modulation order of the first data, and/or a code rate of the second data is less than a code rate of the first data, and/or a transmit power of the second data is less than a transmit power of the first data. The base station demodulates and decodes the first data, the second data and the third data. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can effectively improve decoding success rates of data that is of different users and that is transmitted on a same resource.