Disclosed in the present application are a data processing method and apparatus. The method comprises: on a sending end, receiving a to-be-sent data packet transmitted from a higher layer, and performing “transport-layer layer-1” processing on the to-be-sent data packet, comprising assigning a sequence number; and then performing “transport-layer layer-2” processing, comprising: according to the size of a transmission resource obtained by means of scheduling, transferring the to-be-sent data packet to a physical layer and then sending out the to-be-sent data packet through an air interface; on a reception end, receiving the data packet that is sent from the air interface and then that is transmitted by the physical layer; performing “transport-layer layer-2” processing on the received data packet, comprising: transmitting the data packet transmitted by the physical layer, to the transport-layer layer-2 to perform processing.