Technologies for managing a treatment program include a treatment management server, smart pills, and patient computing devices. The treatment management server is configured to generate treatment data usable by the smart pills to control a release of one or more drugs in patients. The treatment management server is also configured to transmit the treatment data to the smart pills, obtain physiological data associated with the patients, identify a preferred physiological response among the patients based on the physiological data, and identify the treatment data associated with the preferred physiological response. The smart pills are configured to obtain the treatment data, release one or more drugs into the patients based on the treatment data, sense physiological conditions in the patients, and transmit the physiological conditions to the treatment management server. The patient computing devices facilitate communication between the treatment management server and the smart pills. Other embodiments are described.