A computer-readable medium includes a program code that, when executed by a processing circuitry, causes the processing circuitry to divide a layout of a semiconductor chip into a plurality of patches, generate a plurality of segments from a layout of each of the plurality of patches, wherein a first patch of the plurality of patches includes first segments and a second patch of the plurality of patches includes second segments, calculate hash values respectively corresponding to the first segments and the second segments by using a hash function, calculate bias values of segments having a first hash value from among the first segments, calculate a representative value based on the bias values, and apply the representative value to the segments having the first hash value from among the first segments.