Proposed is a CFRP surface coating method and a hydraulic cylinder including a component coated by the method. The CFRP surface coating method can prevent damage to a CFRP surface due to thermal spray coating and increase the bonding strength between a CFRP surface and a metal coating layer formed by the thermal spray coating. To this end, the method includes: forming a mesh layer on a CFRP surface; fixing the mesh layer on the CFRP surface by impregnating a heat-resistant resin therein; and forming a metal coating layer by thermal spray coating on the fixed mesh layer in which the heat-resistant resin is impregnated.