A processor-implemented robot control method includes: determining a target position from map information; estimating a candidate region for a current position in the map information based on information sensed by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and first image information received from an image sensor; estimating the current position in the candidate region based on second image information received from either the image sensor or another image sensor; and controlling a movement of a vehicle charging robot based on the target position and the current position.