A method for producing a carboxy group-containing hydrogenated nitrile rubber includes a step of preparing a latex of a carboxy group-containing nitrile rubber by polymerizing a monomer mixture in a dispersive medium, the monomer mixture containing at least an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer and a carboxy group-containing monomer; a step of heating the latex of the carboxy group-containing nitrile rubber at 50 to 85° C. in the state where the pH is adjusted in the range of 8.5 to 12; and a step of subjecting the latex of the carboxy group-containing nitrile rubber after the heating to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst in the state where the pH is adjusted in the range of 5 to 8.