A transparent display device includes a transparent display panel which displays an image, a scan driver which provides a scan signal to the transparent display panel, a data driver which converts image data into a data signal based on an application gamma curve, and which provides the data signal to the transparent display panel, a timing controller which controls the scan driver and the data driver, a luminance value compensator which calculates a perception luminance of the transparent display panel based on a luminance of incident light that is incident on the transparent display panel and a transmittance of the transparent display panel, and a gamma curve adjuster which adjusts the application gamma curve based on a reference gamma value of a reference gamma curve and the perception luminance of the transparent display panel.