A high efficiency smart steering drilling system includes a smart push force application tool and a centralizer. The centralizer is at an end close to a drill bit. The smart push force application tool is at an end away from the drill bit and includes a push force application wing rib having a telescoping function. The smart push force application tool is capable of automatically measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle and comparing the inclination angle and the azimuth angle with design values so as to control the push force application wing rib to output a push force in a telescopic manner based on a difference between the measured values and the design values and applying a push force to the drill bit. The drilling system achieves combined deflection under double action of drill bit push and pointing, greatly improving the deflection capability.