A display apparatus includes a substrate; a thin-film transistor on the substrate, where the thin-film transistor includes a semiconductor layer and a gate electrode overlapping the semiconductor layer with a first insulating layer between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer; and a display element electrically connected to the thin-film transistor. The gate electrode includes a first lower layer and a first upper layer on the first lower layer and including a different material from the first lower layer. The first lower layer has a first thickness from an upper surface of the first insulating layer, and the first upper layer has a second thickness from an upper surface of the first lower layer, where the second thickness is greater than the first thickness.