An aerosol measurement apparatus for measuring an aerosol contained in a scatterer present in an atmosphere includes a light source, an optical element (i) that irradiates the scatterer with interfering light produced by causing emitted light emitted from the light source to interfere in an interior of the optical element, the interfering light having a plurality of peaks spaced at frequency intervals equal to one another, and (ii) that emits Mie scattered light by causing scattered light generated in the scatterer to interfere in the interior, and a photodetector that receives the Mie scattered light and outputs a signal corresponding to an intensity of light received.