A coherent optical receiving apparatus including a polarization optical splitter, a polarization controller, an optical hybrid unit, and a combiner. The polarization optical splitter is connected to an input terminal of the optical hybrid unit, and an output terminal of the optical hybrid unit is connected to the combine. The polarization optical splitter receives signal light and local oscillator light in any polarization mode, decomposes the signal light into a plurality of beams of sub signal light, and decomposes the local oscillator light into a plurality of beams of sub local oscillator light. The optical hybrid unit obtains a plurality of beams of hybrid light by performing optical hybridization on the sub signal and sub local oscillator lights, the combiner performs conversion on the plurality of beams of hybrid light to obtain and output coherent electrical signals, and the polarization controller controls polarization of the local oscillator light.