Provided is a medical image processing apparatus that generates a color image by using one type of specific color image obtained by imaging a subject with specific monochromatic light. The medical image processing apparatus (10) includes an image acquisition unit (medical image acquisition unit (11)) that acquires a specific color image (56) obtained by imaging a subject with specific monochromatic light, and a color image generation unit (12) that generates a color image from the specific color image by assigning the specific color image (56) to a plurality of color channels and adjusting a balance of each of the color channels.