This invention disclosed a resin-based composite material has a three-layer structure and the application thereof. According to the invention, an oriented carbon nanotube bundle/epoxy resin composite material (denoted as layer B) is prepared with the microwave curing method, a barium titanate nanofiber/epoxy resin composite material (denoted as layer E) is prepared by means of a blade coating-heat curing method, and a composite material of a B-E-B three layer structural is formed by means of a layer-by-layer curing technology. Compared to the composite material of the conductor-insulating layer/polymer layer structural prepared in the prior art, the resin-based composite material has a three-layer structure provided by the invention has with high energy storage density, and low dielectric loss and high permittivity; and the preparation process therefor is controllable and easy to operate, short in production cycle, and suitable for large-scale application.