High strength steel sheet and plated steel sheet having high plateability, LME resistance, and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, that is, steel sheet containing C: 0.05 to 0.40%, Si: 0.2 to 3.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 5.0%, and sol. Al: 0.4 to 1.50%, having an internal oxidation layer including fine granular oxides, coarse granular oxides, and grain boundary oxides in a surface layer of the steel sheet, a number density of fine granular oxides in the internal oxidation layer being 4.0/μm2 or more, a number density of coarse granular oxides in the internal oxidation layer being 4.0/25 μm2 or more, having a Ratio A of the length of the grain boundary oxides projected on the surface of the steel sheet to the length of the surface of the steel sheet when examining a cross-section of the surface layer of the steel sheet being 50% or more and 100% or less, and including a surface depleted layer with a steel composition not including oxides which satisfies, by mass %, Si≤0.6% and Al≥0.05% at a depth of ½ of the average depth of the internal oxidation layer calculated from the cross-sectional SEM image of the steel sheet, and a plated steel sheet using the same.