Disclosed herein is a two-piece solid golf ball consisting of a solid core and a cover, the solid core being formed from a rubber composition composed of a rubber base material of polybutadiene synthesized by using a catalyst of rare earth element, a small amount of organic peroxide, an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a metal salt thereof, an organic sulfur compound, and an inorganic filler, and the cover being formed mainly from a mixture of an ionomer-containing resin composition and an inorganic filler. The two-piece solid golf ball is by far superior to conventional ones in flying performance, cover durability, scuff resistance, and shot feeling.