An optical fiber inspecting system 1A comprises a waveform measuring unit 2 for measuring an OTDR waveform for an optical fiber F to be inspected and a waveform evaluating unit 3 for evaluating an anomaly within the optical fiber through a use of the measured waveform. Furthermore, the waveform evaluating unit 3 comprises a calculating part 4 and a detecting part 5. The calculating part 4 calculates the gradient and the amount of change in gradient of the waveform at each time point by means of a gradient calculating section 41 and a gradient change amount calculating section 42. The detecting part 5 determines whether or not the gradient and the amount of change in gradient are within a defined allowable range of gradient and a defined allowable range of amount of change, respectively, by means of a gradient determining section 51 and a gradient change amount determining section 52. This realizes an optical fiber inspecting system, an inspection method and a selecting method, all of which enable to detect reliably an anomaly within an optical fiber through an OTDR waveform.