An apparatus for liquid chromatography comprises a liquid chromatography separation column on a substrate, wherein the separation column is coupled to a heater on the substrate. A chip-based temperature controlled liquid chromatography device comprises a substrate, a thermal isolation zone, and a separation column thermally isolated from the substrate by the thermal isolation zone. An apparatus for chip-based liquid chromatography comprising a cooling device is provided. A temperature gradient liquid chromatography system comprises a chip-based temperature controlled liquid chromatography device, a fluidic coupling, and an electrical interface. Methods of making and methods of using of chip-based temperature gradient liquid chromatography devices are also provided.