An objective of the present invention is to provide polynucleotides encoding insect desiccation resistance proteins, and uses thereof. cDNA libraries were produced from Polypedilum vanderplanki larvae in a desiccated state, a P. vanderplanki EST database was constructed, and genes encoding LEA proteins were isolated. This resulted in the successful isolation of three types of novel gene encoding LEA-like proteins (PvLEA1, PvLEA2, and PvLEA3). When secondary structure predictions and motif searches were performed on the proteins deduced from each of the genes, all three proteins had α-helix-rich structures and LEA_4 motifs, which are characteristic of LEA proteins. Moerover, the recombinant proteins synthesized from PvLEA1, 2 and 3 genes were heat soluble even when boiling, so that PvLEA1, 2 and 3 proteins have highly hydrophilic property as well as plant LEA proteins. Therefore, the three isolated genes were found to be novel P. vanderplanki-derived LEA genes. Furthermore, introduction of these PvLEA1, 2 and 3 genes into animal cells successfully conferred desiccation resistance to the cells. The present invention provides the first example of LEA genes isolated from insects.