A write-once read-many times memory device is made up of first and second electrodes, a passive layer between the first and second electrodes, and an active layer between the first and second electrode. The memory device is programmed by providing a charged species from the passive layer into the active layer. The memory device may be programmed to have for the programmed memory device a first erase activation energy. The present method provides for the programmed memory device a second erase activation energy greater than the first erase activation energy.