The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, (i) a supramolecular compound that may be obtained by reaction between: —at least one oil bearing at least one nucleophilic reactive function chosen from OH and NH2, and —at least one junction group capable of establishing hydrogen bonds with one or more partner junction groups, each pairing of a junction group involving at least three hydrogen bonds, the said junction group bearing at least one isocyanate or imidazole reactive function capable of reacting with the reactive function borne by the oil, the said junction group also comprising at least one unit of formula (I) or (II): (ii) and at least one additional ingredient preferably chosen from: —silicone elastomers, —polyesters that may be obtained by reacting: a tetraol containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; a saturated, linear or branched monocarboxylic acid containing from 9 to 23 carbon atoms; a cyclic dicarboxylic acid containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and an aromatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 7 to 11 carbon atoms, —film-forming agents chosen from silicone resins and film-forming polymers, preferably chosen from the group comprising: a film-forming block ethylenic copolymer, a vinyl polymer comprising at least one carbosiloxane dendrimer-based unit, a dispersion of acrylic or vinyl radical homopolymer or copolymer particles dispersed in the said liquid fatty phase, —structuring agents chosen from semicrystalline polymers and thickeners comprising at least one group and preferably at least two groups capable of establishing hydrogen interactions, chosen from: polymeric thickeners, and organogelling agents. The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process comprising the application of the said composition.