The present technology relates to a receiving device, a receiving method, a transmission device, a transmission method, and a program, which allow an application program to be created in an optimum production environment. An AIT acquisition and analysis unit acquires mapping information in which a first directory structure, to be used in the case of transmitting a resource constituting an application program by a first transmission system, and a second directory structure, to be used in the case of transmitting a resource constituting the application program by a second transmission system, are associated with each other. When an application program including a resource created in accordance with the first directory structure is transmitted by the second transmission system, a carousel processing unit allows the resource created in accordance with the first directory structure to correspond to the second directory structure using the mapping information to thereby acquire the application program transmitted by the second transmission system. The present technology is applicable to television receiver, for example.