Biomedical implants, regenerative scaffolds, and compositions comprise a substrate with a coating, a scaffold, and/or a carrier composition which include anisotropic nanoparticles in or on the coating, scaffold or carrier, to inhibit fibrosis, scarring, and/or fibrotic contracture, or the formation of adhesions, in a tissue contacting or administered the same. In some embodiments the nanoparticles may be electrically conductive nanoparticles such as multi wall carbon nanotubes.