Provided are multilayer video encoding/decoding methods and apparatuses. A multilayer video decoding method may comprise obtaining, from a bitstream, information indicating a maximum size of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) with respect to a layer set comprising a plurality of layers; determining a size of the DPB with respect to the layer set based on the obtained information indicating the maximum size of the DPB; and storing a decoded picture of the layer set in the DPB of the determined size.