Provided are method for healing defect of conductive layer, method for forming metal-carbon compound layer, 2D nano materials, and transparent electrode and method for manufacturing the same. According to an embodiment of present invention, the method for healing defect of conductive layer comprises: forming a conductive layer on a first metal substrate; contacting the first metal substrate with a salt solution containing a second metal in an ionic form, and forming a second metal particle at least in a portion of a conductive area, the second metal having greater reduction potential than a first metal.