An energy harvesting apparatus includes a housing that includes an internal portion filled with dielectric liquid in a vacuum state, first and second electrode portions that are disposed to face each other in the housing and configured to be polarized with different polarities, a first layer that forms a path along the internal portion of the housing to allow the dielectric liquid and bubbles generated from the dielectric liquid to flow through the path, and a second layer configured to insulate the first and second electrode portions from the housing. The bubbles are generated from the dielectric liquid when thermal energy is applied to the housing. The first and second electrode portions may change a dielectric constant of the dielectric liquid when the bubbles move between the first and second electrode portions to generate current.