A channel transmission/reception method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving channels between a base station and a mobile terminal efficiently in a mobile communication supporting massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission are provided. The method includes determining a resource to which a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) addressed to a terminal is mapped within a resource block, the DMRS resource being positioned in at least one of a first resource set capable of being allocated for DMRS and a second resource set symmetric with the first resource set on a time axis, and transmitting the DMRS and DMRS allocation information to the terminal.