Provided is a climbing robot traveling along an overhead line including a support structure, the support structure includes a controller, and three cantilevers, i.e., a front cantilever, a middle cantilever and a rear cantilever are mounted at a side of the support structure. Three cantilevers are connected with the support structure through a cantilever base, the front and rear cantilevers are located at both ends of the support structure and include a travel driving mechanism at the top, an opening mechanism, a flexible rotating mechanism and a clamping mechanism in the middle, and a lifting mechanism at the bottom, and the middle cantilever includes a travel driving mechanism at the top, an opening mechanism and a flexible rotating mechanism in the middle, a lifting mechanism at the bottom, and a charging mechanism at a front side of the middle cantilever. The climbing robot in the present disclosure realizes stable travel and climb along an overhead line of 200 kV to 500 kV, and is capable of crossing devices such as an anti-vibration hammer and a suspension clamp mounted on the overhead line. The climbing robot of the present disclosure has features such as a strong obstacle-crossing capability, a high obstacle crossing efficiency, a large climbing angle, a firm structure, a light weight, a simple operation and a good real-time performance.