Methods and apparatus for encoding data streams are provided. A computing device can receive an encoder-input data stream (EIDS) encoded in a encoder-input format. The computing device can reformat the EIDS into an encoder-output data stream (EODS) encoded in an encoder-output format that differs from the encoder-input format. The EODS can include a page table for pages, resources of the pages that include reusable resources used multiple times, and binary-formatted commands related to the resources, which are stored in stored in first-come, first-served fashion. The page table can refer to pages of the EODS. The EODS can be based on a resource table storing entries for each reusable resource. Each reusable resource is stored only once in the EODS. The computing device can generate an output based on the EODS.